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← Back to Dog Breeds
Home / Dog Breeds / German Shepherd

German Shepherd

Breed History: 

As their name suggests, German shepherds, also known as Alsatians, are a dog breed that originated from Germany. This canine companion has long served as both companion and servant for humans. In the late 1800s, they originated from the hybridisation of prolific herding breeds. It was subjected to rigorous selection and evolved rapidly. This dog breed was bred by Max von Stephanitz in 1899 with the use of many traditional German shepherd dogs, but was bred as a herding dog for herding sheep.

In the early 1900s, worldwide interest in the breed grew, and then in 1908, it was officially sanctioned by the AKC (American Kennel Club). During the First and Second World Wars, the term 'German' was dropped, and the dog breed became known as the Shepherd Dog or Alsatian. The popularity of the German Shepherd has led to cross-breeding, which has given rise to several other variants: Eastern European Shepherd, King Shepherd, Shiloh Shepherd, White Shepherd and the White Swiss Shepherd.

Gender

Height

Weight

Male

60-65 cm

30-40 kg

Female

55-60 cm

22-32 kg

Size – Medium-Large 

Life Expectancy: 9 to 13 years

Free Dog Animal photo and picture

Breed Appearance:

Muscular and big with a marked square bushy muzzle, tail, and typically black mask are the notable features of German Shepherds. They usually come in a variety of colour combinations – black or red, tan, or single black, most probably with blanket and saddle staining around the back. 

Rare colours, including liver, sable, panda, and silver, can also be seen. Even the completely white and black German shepherds are also out there.  Many German shepherds usually feature a dense double coat, having an outer layer that is water-resistant and a thick coat beneath. However, most shepherds possess either a long or medium-sized coat. 

Breed Type - Family/guard:

German shepherds are loyal, protective companions. They are considered to be a great family pet. They enjoy loving and pampering their family unit and owner, but can be cautious around newcomers and strangers, and thrive on the attention and care of their family.

If you are rarely at home or do not have enough time to care for your pet, or you live in a small space lacking a large yard, this is not the right breed of dog for you. Simply put, this dog breed requires ample attention and companionship to help it thrive and overcome annoying or destructive behaviours that arise from boredom and anxiety. Due to their guardedness of strangers and curiosity, your German Shepherds will be excellent guard pets, but plenty of socialisation and training are required.

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Training:

The German Shepherd is highly intelligent and trainable:

  • Ranks among the top three most intelligent dog breeds

  • Learns new commands quickly and retains them well

  • Responds best to positive reinforcement and structured routines

  • Requires early socialisation and consistent leadership

  • Ideal for obedience, service, and advanced training disciplines

Poor training or boredom can lead to unwanted behaviours, so consistent guidance is essential.

Health & Care:

German Shepherds are generally healthy but may be prone to:

  • Hip and elbow dysplasia (common in poorly bred lines)

  • Degenerative myelopathy

  • Bloat (gastric torsion)

  • Allergies and skin issues

  • Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI)

Regular vet checkups, responsible breeding, and joint care are essential for long-term health.

Free Dog Outside photo and picture

Living Conditions:

Adaptable to many environments with the right care:

  • Can live in apartments with sufficient exercise, but thrives in homes with yards

  • Bonds closely with family—not suited to being left alone for long hours

  • May be reserved with strangers, but should not be aggressive if properly socialised

  • Gets along with children and other pets when raised together

  • Needs mental stimulation and structured routines

This breed thrives with an active, involved family.

Exercise:

High energy and work drive:

  • Requires at least 1.5–2 hours of daily exercise

  • Enjoys running, walking, fetching, hiking, and canine sports

  • Needs mental enrichment—training games, scent work, agility

  • Without proper stimulation, they can become restless or destructive

German Shepherds are ideal for active owners who enjoy outdoor activities and structured play.

Grooming:

Moderate grooming needs:

  • Brush 2–3 times weekly (daily during shedding season)

  • Sheds heavily twice a year ("blowing coat")

  • Bathe only as needed

  • Routine ear checks, nail trimming, and dental care recommended

Expect regular shedding, but coat maintenance is otherwise straightforward.

Free Dog German Shepherd photo and picture

Advantages:

  • Highly intelligent and trainable – excels in obedience and working roles

  • Loyal, protective, and deeply bonded to family

  • Versatile – used in police, military, service, and search & rescue work

  • Energetic and athletic – great for active individuals and families

  • Good with children and other pets when properly socialised

  • Confident, alert, and naturally protective

  • Responsive to commands and eager to work

Disadvantages:

  • Requires significant mental and physical stimulation daily

  • Not ideal for novice or inactive owners

  • Can become overprotective or reactive without early training

  • Heavy shedding, especially during seasonal changes

  • Prone to health issues like hip/elbow dysplasia and degenerative myelopathy

  • Can develop separation anxiety if left alone too long

  • Needs strong leadership and structure to thrive



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German Shepherd: Dog Breed Profile, History, Characterstics