Breed History:

The American Water Spaniel (AWS) is a native U.S. breed developed in the Midwestern United States, particularly around the Fox and Wolf River valleys in Wisconsin, during the 19th century. Bred to be a versatile hunting companion, the AWS excels in retrieving game from both land and water, especially in the cold, marshy environments of the Great Lakes region.

A mix of various spaniel breeds—such as the Irish Water Spaniel, Curly-Coated Retriever, and possibly Field Spaniel—was used to develop a compact, curly-coated dog suited for hunting and boat travel. The breed was officially recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 1940, and in 1985, it was named the state dog of Wisconsin.

Size – Medium

Life Expectancy: 12–15 years

Breed Appearance:

The American Water Spaniel has a sturdy, muscular build, covered in a dense, curly to wavy coat that offers protection from cold water and rough terrain. Coat colors typically include liver, chocolate, or brown. It has a broad skull, square muzzle, and expressive dark eyes with an alert and intelligent expression.

Its ears are long and pendulous, well-covered with curly hair, and the tail is moderately feathered and carried straight or slightly curved. Despite its compact size, it is strong and agile, built for endurance and field performance.

Breed Type – Sporting / Hunting / Companion:

Bred as an all-around gun dog, the AWS is prized for its ability to flush and retrieve game, particularly in wet environments. It is an enthusiastic swimmer and can easily transition between upland hunting and waterfowl work.

Aside from its working abilities, it is also a loyal and affectionate companion, known for being devoted to its family. The breed tends to form a strong bond with one person and is known to be alert and protective, making it a decent watchdog as well.

Training:

The AWS is intelligent and eager to please, but it also has an independent streak. This means consistent, patient training is required, especially early on. The breed responds well to positive reinforcement such as treats and praise, and it enjoys learning new tasks and tricks.

It is important to start early to ensure the dog is comfortable with people, other pets, and new environments. Left unstimulated, it may develop stubborn or overly protective behaviours.

Health & Care:

The American Water Spaniel is generally a healthy and hardy breed, but it can be predisposed to some genetic conditions:

• Hip dysplasia

• Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA)

• Allergies (particularly skin-related)

• Hypothyroidism

Regular vet visits, quality nutrition, and appropriate exercise help maintain optimal health. Ethical breeders test for known hereditary conditions to reduce risks.

Living Conditions:

The AWS is adaptable to different living environments, including apartments, as long as its exercise needs are met. However, it thrives in active households with access to outdoor activities and regular stimulation.

It does best with owners who enjoy hunting, hiking, or outdoor sports, and it appreciates having a job or purpose. While affectionate, the AWS can be reserved with strangers and should be socialized from a young age.

Exercise:

The American Water Spaniel is a sporting breed with high energy, needing at least 60–90 minutes of daily exercise. Activities can include fetch, swimming, hiking, and fieldwork. The breed excels in dog sports like agility, dock diving, and obedience.

Mental engagement is just as important—training sessions, puzzle toys, and scent work are highly beneficial. Without adequate activity, the AWS may become bored or vocal.

Grooming:

The AWS has a water-resistant double coat that ranges from wavy to tightly curled. It requires weekly brushing to remove dead hair and prevent matting. The coat should not be shaved, as it offers natural protection.

Bathing is needed only occasionally, and over-bathing can strip natural oils. Routine care also includes ear cleaning, nail trimming, and dental hygiene. Because of their love for water, always check the ears for moisture buildup to prevent infections.

Advantages:

• Excellent swimmer and natural retriever

• Adaptable to various climates and living situations

• Loyal and affectionate with family

• Intelligent and capable of learning complex tasks

• Minimal grooming needs for a spaniel-type breed

• Versatile in hunting, dog sports, and companionship

Disadvantages:

• Requires daily physical and mental stimulation

• Can be reserved or aloof with strangers

• Independent streak may challenge first-time trainers

• May become possessive or overly vocal if under-socialized

• Coat prone to matting if not regularly maintained

• Needs early socialization to avoid territorial behavior