Breed History: 

The Saint Bernard, a majestic and steadfast breed, has origins steeped in the rugged history of the Swiss Alps. Some believe the breed evolved naturally from ancient mastiff-type dogs, while others suggest it was refined by early mountain monks. Known for their incredible strength, calm demeanour, and rescue instincts, Saint Bernards have long been valued as both lifesaving work dogs and gentle companions. Admired for their enduring courage, they became cherished partners in perilous alpine rescues and family life alike. Today, Saint Bernards are celebrated for their loyalty, resilience, and warm-hearted nature. 

The breed is also notable for being the central focus of the 1992 hit movie 'Beethoven', where a St. Bernard named after the famous German composer 'Beethoven' played the role of the main character. 

Size – Large

Life Expectancy: 10 years

Breed Appearance: 

The Saint Bernard is a large, powerful dog known for its thick, dense coat and gentle expression. They possess a robust, muscular body, broad head, and strong build that reflects their working heritage. Their short, weather-resistant coat, which requires moderate maintenance, comes in various hues, including white with red, brown, or brindle markings. 

Breed Type - Family/guard: 

Saint Bernards are gentle and dependable dogs known for their calm and protective nature. They thrive in loving households and are excellent with families, offering a steady blend of warmth and vigilance. Despite their imposing size, they serve as effective guardians with a kind heart. Their natural loyalty and balanced temperament make them ideal companions for both home and countryside living.

Training:

The St. Bernard is intelligent but sometimes slow to mature:

• Needs early training and socialisation

• Can be stubborn or distracted as a puppy

• Responds best to gentle, reward-based methods

• Training should focus on basic obedience and leash manners

• Due to its size, early control is essential

Consistency and patience are key to managing this gentle giant.

Health & Care:

St. Bernards are prone to several size-related health issues:

• Hip and elbow dysplasia

• Bloat (gastric torsion)—a life-threatening emergency

• Heart conditions

• Entropion or ectropion (eyelid issues)

• Bone cancer (osteosarcoma) in some lines

Regular vet checkups, a joint-friendly diet, and avoiding overexertion in youth are critical. Monitor for signs of overheating—they don’t tolerate heat well.

Living Conditions:

Despite their size, St. Bernards are often calm indoors:

• Adaptable to homes with enough space—yards are ideal

• Can live in large apartments if well-exercised

• Not suited to hot climates or extensive stairs

• Prefer cool, quiet environments

• May drool and track mud—cleanliness is a consideration

They’re best in households where they have close human interaction.

Exercise:

Moderate energy, but regular exercise is important:

• 1–2 walks daily, plus time to move freely in a secure yard

• Avoid intense activity in heat or during puppy growth stages

• Mental stimulation helps prevent boredom

• Enjoys pulling carts or backpacking in cooler climates

They benefit from low-impact, joint-friendly activities.

Grooming:

Moderate grooming needs:

• Brush 2–3 times a week; daily during shedding seasons

• Long-haired types need more frequent grooming

• Check and clean ears regularly

• Wipe face folds and manage drool

• Routine nail trimming, dental care, and bathing

They shed year-round, especially in spring and fall.

Advantages:

• Gentle, patient, and loving temperament

• Loyal and protective without being aggressive

• Excellent with children and other pets

• Calm and laid-back indoors

• Impressive, dignified presence

• Versatile in cold climates and outdoor work

Disadvantages:

• Very large—requires strong owners and space

• Prone to serious health issues

• Shorter lifespan than many breeds

• Heavy drooling, especially after eating or drinking

• Not heat-tolerant

• Can be stubborn during training

• May knock over small children unintentionally