Breed History:

The Schipperke, often called the “little black devil,” is a small but spirited breed originating from Belgium in the 17th century. Its name translates to “little captain” in Flemish, as the breed was commonly kept on canal boats to guard cargo and control vermin. Known for its mischievous personality, sharp intelligence, and alertness, the Schipperke quickly became a favourite among tradesmen, boatmen, and families alike.

Over the centuries, the Schipperke developed a reputation as a fearless watchdog despite its small size. It was prized not only for its rat-hunting skills but also for its loyalty and protective nature. Today, the Schipperke remains a lively, independent, and devoted companion that embodies both the charm of a toy breed and the utility of a working dog.

Size – Small

Life Expectancy: 12–16 years

Breed Appearance:

The Schipperke is a compact, fox-like dog with a distinctive silhouette. Its thick, double coat is always black, forming a characteristic ruff of fur around the neck and shoulders that gives it a bold and lion-like appearance. The dense fur is shorter on the body and legs but longer on the chest, mane, and rump, emphasising its unique outline.

Its wedge-shaped head, erect triangular ears, and dark, lively eyes give it an alert and mischievous expression. The Schipperke has a square, sturdy frame with a level topline, agile movements, and a high-set tail, which in some individuals may be naturally short or docked (in regions where docking is still permitted). Despite its small stature, it carries itself with confidence and boldness.

Breed Type – Family/Guard:

The Schipperke is a natural watchdog, deeply loyal to its family, and highly protective of its home. While affectionate and playful with loved ones, it is often wary of strangers, making it an effective small guard dog. It thrives in a family environment where it can be included in daily activities and interact closely with its owners.

Though small, the Schipperke is brimming with energy and independence. It enjoys children and can live well with other pets when properly socialised. Its strong prey drive, however, means caution is advised around small animals like rodents or birds. Families who enjoy an active, intelligent, and sometimes cheeky companion will find the Schipperke a delightful addition.

Training:

Training a Schipperke requires consistency, patience, and a good sense of humour. This breed is clever and quick to learn, but also independent and mischievous, often testing boundaries. Positive reinforcement methods, such as treats, praise, and play, work best, while harsh corrections can lead to stubborn resistance.

Early obedience training and socialisation are essential to prevent excessive barking or overprotectiveness. The Schipperke excels in dog sports such as agility, obedience, and rally, where its quick reflexes and sharp mind shine. Due to its natural curiosity, recall training is particularly important, as the breed may chase after scents or moving objects without hesitation.

Health & Care:

The Schipperke is generally a robust and long-lived breed, but like all dogs, it is susceptible to certain health conditions. These may include luxating patella, Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, and hypothyroidism. The breed is also known for a rare genetic disorder called mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIB (MPS IIIB), for which responsible breeders now test.

With proper care, regular veterinary check-ups, and a balanced diet, most Schipperkes enjoy a healthy, active life. Their small size makes them prone to obesity if overfed or under-exercised, so weight management is important.

Living Conditions:

The Schipperke is adaptable and can thrive in both apartments and larger homes, provided it receives enough daily activity and mental stimulation. While it enjoys indoor life with its family, it also benefits from access to a secure yard where it can play and explore. Due to its alert nature, it may bark frequently, especially in response to unfamiliar sounds, making training important in shared living environments.

This breed thrives in active households that engage it in walks, playtime, and interactive training. While it tolerates various climates well thanks to its thick coat, it prefers not to be left alone for long periods, as it bonds closely with its family and may become bored or destructive if neglected.

Exercise:

Despite its small size, the Schipperke is an energetic and active dog that requires daily exercise to stay happy and healthy. A mix of brisk walks, play sessions, and mental challenges like puzzle toys or agility courses will keep it stimulated.

It enjoys exploring and should be kept on a leash or in securely fenced areas, as its prey drive may lead it to chase after small animals. Exercise not only maintains the Schipperke’s physical health but also curbs behavioural issues such as excessive barking or digging.

Grooming:

The Schipperke’s thick double coat is relatively low-maintenance but requires weekly brushing to remove loose fur and keep it looking healthy. During seasonal shedding, more frequent grooming may be necessary. The breed is naturally clean, with little doggy odour, and requires only occasional bathing.

Routine care includes regular ear cleaning, nail trimming, and dental hygiene to prevent oral disease. As a small breed, dental care is particularly important to maintain long-term health. Checking for ticks and fleas is recommended, especially after outdoor activities.

Advantages:

• Excellent watchdog with strong protective instincts despite small size

• Intelligent, playful, and affectionate with family members

• Adaptable to both apartments and larger homes

• Long-lived, hardy, and generally healthy breed

• A lively personality makes it entertaining and fun to be around

• Low-maintenance grooming needs compared to many other double-coated breeds

Disadvantages:

• Strong-willed and mischievous, they can be challenging for inexperienced owners

• May bark excessively if not properly trained

• Strong prey drive; not always reliable around small pets

• Requires regular exercise and mental stimulation to prevent boredom

• Can be wary or aloof with strangers, requiring early socialisation

• Needs consistent training to manage independence and stubbornness