Rat Terrier
Breed History:
The Rat Terrier is a lively and intelligent American breed developed in the early 20th century, originally bred to be a farm dog with a speciality in hunting and eliminating vermin, hence the name "Rat" Terrier. It descends from a variety of terriers, including the Smooth Fox Terrier, Manchester Terrier, and later the Whippet and Beagle, which contributed to its speed, scenting ability, and friendly demeanour.
Highly regarded for their work ethic, Rat Terriers were popular on farms and rural homesteads, especially in the Midwest and South. They were adept at hunting rats, rabbits, and other pests and often helped with general farm duties.
Today, Rat Terriers are known for their companionship, agility, and spirited personalities, blending the heart of a working dog with the charm of a loyal house pet.
If you want to learn about other Terrier breeds, check out our page "Different Terrier Dog Breeds".
| Gender | Height | Weight |
|---|---|---|
| Male | 33 to 46 cm | 5 to 11 kg |
| Female | 33 to 43 cm | 5 to 10 kg |
Size: Small to Medium
Life Expectancy: 12 to 18 years
Breed Appearance:
The Rat Terrier is a compact, athletic, and well-balanced dog with a lean, muscular build.
The breed commonly features:
- Broad, wedge-shaped head
- Strong, medium-length muzzle
- Dark, oval-shaped eyes
- Small, erect or semi-erect ears
- Deep chest
- Strong, muscular neck
- Well-developed limbs
- Medium-length tail carried naturally or docked where permitted
Its short, smooth coat is dense, glossy, and easy to maintain.
Common coat colours include:
- White and black
- White and tan
- White and chocolate
- White and blue
- Tricolour
- Red and white
White is typically the predominant coat colour.
The breed's athletic build and sleek coat reflect its heritage as a hardworking American farm terrier.
Breed Type – Terrier:
The Rat Terrier is an intelligent, energetic, and affectionate terrier breed.
It is known for being:
- Loyal
- Intelligent
- Alert
- Playful
- Affectionate
- Courageous
The breed forms strong bonds with its family and is generally excellent with children and other pets when properly socialised. It retains a strong prey drive towards rodents and other small animals.
Training:
The Rat Terrier is highly intelligent and eager to please.
Training should focus on:
- Early socialisation
- Positive reinforcement methods
- Basic obedience training
- Recall training
- Leash manners
- Consistent leadership
The breed excels in:
- Agility
- Obedience
- Rally
- Barn hunt
- Trick training
- Companion activities
Structured, reward-based training helps the breed become a confident and well-mannered companion.
Health & Care:
The Rat Terrier is generally healthy but may be prone to several health concerns, including:
- Patellar luxation
- Hip dysplasia
- Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease
- Progressive retinal atrophy
- Heart disease
- Allergies
Routine veterinary care, responsible breeding, regular exercise, and maintaining a healthy weight help support long-term health.
Living Conditions:
The Rat Terrier adapts well to a variety of living environments provided it receives regular exercise and close family companionship.
Ideal environments include:
- Apartments with sufficient daily exercise
- Houses with secure yards
- Urban or suburban homes
- Active families
- Experienced or committed first-time dog owners
The breed prefers living indoors with its family and is not suited to prolonged isolation.
Exercise:
The Rat Terrier has high exercise requirements.
Recommended activities include:
- Daily walks
- Running
- Interactive play
- Agility
- Barn hunt
- Mental enrichment activities
Regular physical activity and mental stimulation are essential to maintain the breed's physical and mental well-being.
Grooming:
The short coat requires low maintenance.
- Brushing once per week
- Occasional bathing
- Routine ear cleaning
- Nail trimming
- Regular dental care
The breed sheds lightly to moderately throughout the year.
