Breed History:

The King Charles Spaniel, also known as the English Toy Spaniel in the United States, is a toy breed with aristocratic roots dating back to the Tudor era. Named after King Charles II of England, who adored these small spaniels, the breed became a royal favourite in the 17th century and remained a fixture in European courts.

The breed as we know it today was refined in the 19th century, with influences from Asian toy breeds like the Pekingese and Japanese Chin. This contributed to the dome-shaped head and flatter face that distinguish the King Charles Spaniel from its close cousin, the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, which has a longer muzzle and larger frame. The King Charles was officially recognised by the Kennel Club in the UK in 1903 and by the American Kennel Club in 1886.

Height: 23-28 cm

Weight: 3.5-6.5 kg

Size – Toy

Life Expectancy: 10–12 years

Breed Appearance:

The King Charles Spaniel is a small, elegant, and compact dog with a distinctive domed skull, short, upturned nose, and large, dark, expressive eyes. Its coat is long, silky, and feathered on the ears, chest, legs, and tail.

This breed comes in four distinct colour varieties:

• Blenheim (chestnut and white)

• Ruby (solid red)

• Prince Charles (tricolour: black, white, and tan)

• King Charles (solid black with tan markings)

The overall expression is gentle and sweet, which reflects the breed’s affectionate nature.

Breed Type – Companion/Toy:

Originally bred for companionship in royal courts, the King Charles Spaniel is the epitome of a lapdog. It thrives on close contact with its humans and is happiest curled up on a sofa or nestled in someone’s arms.

The breed is affectionate, quiet, and loyal, making it an ideal choice for seniors, singles, or families with gentle children. Though alert and sometimes shy with strangers, it is not a guard dog and rarely shows aggression. It is calm indoors and perfectly suited to apartment living.

Training:

The King Charles Spaniel is a smart and willing learner, but its sensitive temperament requires gentle, patient training methods. Positive reinforcement works best, especially with praise and small treats.

While eager to please, this breed may be a bit stubborn or distracted if training is too repetitive. Early socialisation is important to prevent timidity or excessive shyness. Housebreaking can take time, so consistency is key.

Health & Care:

Like many brachycephalic (short-nosed) breeds, the King Charles Spaniel is prone to respiratory issues and heat sensitivity. Other common health concerns include:

• Mitral valve disease (heart condition)

• Syringomyelia (a neurological condition)

• Eye problems (cataracts, dry eye)

• Ear infections due to long ears

• Patellar luxation

Regular vet checkups, a healthy diet, and weight control are essential. Responsible breeders screen for hereditary conditions.

Living Conditions:

This breed is well-suited for indoor living, especially in quiet homes. It requires minimal space and moderate activity. Because of its close bond with humans, the King Charles Spaniel should not be left alone for long periods—it may become anxious or depressed.

It doesn’t tolerate extreme weather well, particularly heat, due to its shortened muzzle. A cool, comfortable environment is ideal.

Exercise:

The King Charles Spaniel has modest exercise needs. A few short daily walks and some indoor playtime are sufficient. While not overly active, it enjoys games, gentle training sessions, and short outings. Mental stimulation through toys and interaction keeps it happy.

Despite being low-energy, regular activity helps manage weight and supports heart health.

Grooming:

The breed’s long, fine coat needs regular maintenance:

• Brush 2–3 times a week to prevent mats

• Clean your ears regularly to avoid infection

• Trim nails monthly

• Bathe as needed (usually every 4–6 weeks)

• Dental care is important to prevent gum disease

This is a low-shedding breed, though it does drop some hair year-round.

Advantages:

• Affectionate, loving, and great with families

• Quiet, calm, and ideal for apartments

• Beautiful, elegant appearance

• Good with other pets when socialised

• Low exercise requirements

• Bond deeply with their humans

Disadvantages:

• Prone to serious genetic health issues (heart and neurological)

• Requires regular grooming

• Not suited for heat or rough handling

• Can suffer from separation anxiety

• Fragile and not ideal for homes with rowdy children

• Housebreaking may take time